El Niño prediction 2014: Why weather forecasters were wrong about a super El Nino.

El Niño Is Sputtering. Why I (and Almost Everyone Else) Was Wrong

El Niño Is Sputtering. Why I (and Almost Everyone Else) Was Wrong

Future Tense
The Citizen's Guide to the Future
Nov. 6 2014 6:18 PM

El Niño Is Sputtering. Why I (and Almost Everyone Else) Was Wrong

I was wrong. Despite my predictions earlier this year, I’ve already admitted there will be no super El Niño this winter. In fact, according to new information released Thursday, the odds are increasing that there may not even be an official El Niño at all.

Given the ridonculous model forecasts back in April, a lot of forecasters (count them: 1,2,3,4 …) took the bait. (Some, to their credit, were more restrained.)

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First, a quick explanation: For a major El Niño event, the atmosphere and ocean have to join forces. The Pacific trade winds can actually reverse direction during strong El Niños, pulling reinforcing shots of warm water to the surface and initiating a global chain reaction of abnormal weather.

In the end, a big El Niño just never happened. And now it looks like even a small one is iffy. What gives?

On the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s official El Niño blog, Emily Becker writes that weaker events, like the one shaping up this year, are harder to predict. Even though seasonal climate forecasting has been quite good for decades, the majority of missed events have occurred more recently, since 2000, when weaker events have been the rule.

Seasonal climate forecasts have a tendency to focus on the telltale central Pacific warming signal that defines El Niño. But this year, the Pacific was warm pretty much everywhere, perhaps throwing the crucial atmosphere-ocean linkage necessary for a mature El Niño out of kilter.

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Angela Fritz, of the Washington Post’s Capital Weather Gang, explains:

When the ocean surface is warm all over, there’s no strong temperature gradient for the atmospheric component to build from.

And most importantly, for El Niño’s purposes, the gradient in sea surface temperature is not strong across the equator from Australia to South America, either. This gradient—from cool in the west to warm in the east—drives winds across the equator, which in turn causes a stronger temperature gradient, and so on.

In essence, a gradually warming Pacific Ocean is at once reducing our ability to predict Earth’s single most important seasonal climate phenomenon, and tampering with it as well. For forecasters, that means this year’s El Niño tease has been “rather frustrating.” It mirrors another flash-in-the-pan-and-fizzle just two years ago.

Still, that doesn’t mean El Niño-like changes haven’t happened. “Borderline” El Niño conditions, depending on your definition, have persisted for months now. El Niño-like effects have already been felt around the globe—including the ongoing mega-drought in Brazil, a lackluster monsoon season in India, a whimper of an Atlantic hurricane season, and the opposing tropical storm fest in Hawaii. Oh, and the world is also on track for its warmest year on record, boosted by near-El Niño

But for the keepers of the official El Niño scorecard, that’s not enough. And it doesn’t come close to justifying the kinds of predictions that I and others made earlier this year.

There’s still a chance that this year’s quasi-El Niño could reach official criteria and may even linger into 2016. But it won’t be the monster many of us thought it might be.

Future Tense is a partnership of SlateNew America, and Arizona State University.

Eric Holthaus is a meteorologist and a columnist for Grist.