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Bela KarolyiCan he save U.S. gymnastics again?

By David PlotzPosted Friday, Aug. 25, 2000, at 8:30 PM ET

NBC specializes in adulterating hard-core Olympic sports into treacly mush, so when the U.S. women's gymnastics team competes in Sydney, Australia, next month, the network will undoubtedly torture viewers with endless images of Bela Karolyi bearhugging his teensy-weensy acolytes. These Karolyi squeezes—at once heartwarming and creepy—have become the money shot of the Summer Olympics. In 1984, Mary Lou Retton became America's darling when Karolyi leapt a barrier to snuggle her. In 1996, Karolyi assured the immortality of the "Magnificent Seven" women's team when he told Kerri Strug to vault on a gimpy leg, then scooped her up and carried her to the podium to collect her gold medal. Thank heaven for little girls!

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NBC and women's gymnastics enthusiasts crave more Karolyi histrionics in Sydney. The U.S. team is in trouble. It has no name-brand star, and it tanked the last two world championships. In November, the national gymnastics federation lured Karolyi out of retirement to serve as national team coordinator—a kind of Übercoach. He has been conducting training camps for the elite gymnasts at his Texas ranch all year. He supervised last week's Olympic trials, and when they ended, he selected—largely by himself—the six members of the Sydney team.

Related in Slate

Jonathon Kahn attacks bogus Olympic sports in "Why Too Many Olympic Sports Are Neither." William McPherson wrote this "Diary" about traveling in Romania.

Related on the Web

USA Gymnastics supplies team news and a Bela bio. NBC's Olympics page has a feast of information about the women's gymnastics team. You can peruse hundreds of photos of Nadia Comaneci at her official site. This is the home page of 1996 Olympic heroine Kerri Strug, who's now a college student. Buy Ryan's superb Little Girls in Pretty Boxes here.

Related on MSN Check out MSNBC's interactive feature "Olympic gymnastics: See how they do it." Test your knowledge of Olympic scandals and successes with Underwire's quiz.

Karolyi, the David Koresh of the gymnastics cult, is one of the very few folks to successfully reconcile the values of Eastern bloc communism and American capitalism. Karolyi and his wife Martha, also a gymnastics coach, defected to the United States in 1981. He masterminded Romanian Nadia Comaneci to her perfect 10 gold medal in the 1976 Olympics, but irked Communist authorities after the 1980 Moscow Games. When he arrived here, he found American gymnastics in shambles. Within a few years, he built one of the world's best teams by marrying American-style public relations to Soviet-style training.

Karolyi understood the importance of a snazzy image. He had shown his flash in 1976, when he decorated his Romanian girls with devastatingly sexy red hair bows. In the United States, he sought cute, tiny, young gymnasts with bubbly personalities. Their small, limber frames permitted them to do tricks that older girls couldn't, but he also knew that judges would be seduced by his enchanting pixies.

Even as he trained his doll army, Karolyi perfected his public self: Bela, the Transylvanian Delight. He mugged for the camera with hugs and pep talks. According to Joan Ryan's devastating exposé of gymnastics, Little Girls in Pretty Boxes, some of his former athletes allege that he offered affection only when cameras were watching. He bragged about his protégées and boldly predicted victories. He hammed up his accent and carnival personality, using broken English to burnish his charmer image. (Recently Bela described the "spectaculous" failure of the U.S. team at the world championships. Reporter after reporter repeated the word in stories. Now he says it all the time.)

In Eastern-bloc fashion, Karolyi built a gymnastics factory that produced a few brilliant gymnasts and broke everyone else. Most top gymnastics coaches punish their adolescent students, but even by the sport's low standards, Karolyi was tough. Little Girls in Pretty Boxes and 60 Minutes chronicled Karolyi's gulag. He called his teen-age charges "little engines" and treated them like machines. They worked out eight hours a day, six days a week—a schedule twice as rigorous as sports docs advise for teens. He prodded them to train despite stress fractures and ligament damage. According to Ryan, he belittled already petite girls as "fat cows" and "pregnant goats" to get them to cut weight. Some of them drank laxatives to get thinner; others were bulimic.

He sought younger and younger girls to train, and psychologically overwhelmed them. "I am going to turn their little minds around," he said. "The young ones are the greatest little suckers in the world. They will follow you no matter what." He called his methods "survival of the fittest" and "scorpions in a bottle." He constantly set the girls against each other, knowing that the survivors would be impervious to competition pressure.

"Bela is a great coach for two reasons," says Ryan. "First, he is an incredible motivator. He could get you to run through a wall. And second, he has no conscience when it comes to the damage done to these little girls. He says that he's the coach, and everything else—eating disorders, for example—is the parents' responsibility."

Illustration by Charlie Powell The Soviet-style tactics worked. Many girls washed out with injuries, eating disorders, frustration. But the ones who survived—Retton, Strug, Kim Zmeskal, Dominique Moceanu—were tough as hell and would do anything for Karolyi. He produced 28 Olympians, nine gold medallists, 15 world champions, and six U.S. champions. TV viewers, who saw the smiling survivors but not the castoffs, fell in love with the Romanian bear. Even when Karolyi's less savory methods were publicized, he was quickly forgiven. He won, and winning erases sin. His defenders argue that all championship athletes must be driven hard: Why coddle gymnasts?

Today's incarnation of Karolyi is slightly more benevolent. Since his 1996 retirement, he hasn't coached any gymnasts. As national team coordinator, he supervises monthly training camps, but gymnasts no longer work and live under his thumb. Their coaches, who tend to be milder than Bela, maintain day-to-day control. This allows the gymnasts to benefit from Karolyi's ability to motivate and inspire without subjecting them to his work-camp methods. And Karolyi speaks out (softly) against the pixiefication of gymnastics. The minimum age for Olympic gymnasts was raised from 15 to 16 for the Sydney Games. Karolyi now favors slightly older and larger gymnasts than he used to. This nod to maturity reduces, by a minuscule amount, the scent of pedophilia that clings to women's gymnastics.

Karolyi vows to save U.S. gymnastics again. "They can and they will and they must be successful again," he announced. "We are a gymnastics nation." But he's wrong. We are not a gymnastics nation anymore. Americans used to like their female athletes in makeup and skirts: gymnasts, figure skaters, and decorous tennis players. But the women's sports explosion has changed that. Girls once wanted to be Mary Lou. Now they worship Mia Hamm, Chamique Holdsclaw, and Venus Williams. Our favorite female athletes are big, tough bullies. Bela may have mellowed, but he still expects us to watch half-pint girls. We want to see women.

If you liked this Assessment column, check out Backstabbers, Crazed Geniuses, and Animals We Hate, a collection of our all-time funniest, meanest, sweetest, and weirdest profiles.

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David Plotz is Slate's editor. He is the author of The Genius Factory: The Curious History of the Nobel Prize Sperm Bank. You can e-mail him at .

COMMENTS

Reader Comments from The Fray:

I am a documentary producer in Oklahoma and just finished a one-hour program on gymnastics in our state. We spoke to all of Oklahoma's elite gymnasts including Shannon Miller, and the coaches at top gyms like Steve Nunno, Paul Ziert and Kristi Krafft. We even spoke to a prominent orthopedic surgeon who traveled with the 1996 Olympic team. All of them acknowledged that training in the top echelon of women's gymnastics was indeed rigorous, but pointed out that this is also the case in the upper echelon of any sport. I went into my research ready to find some controversy. But among the elite, those who endure the rigorous hours in the gym, they have no regrets. I found them to be bright, well-adjusted young women who will undoubtedly go far in life simply because their training has taught them dedication to a single purpose. All of them excel in school--a few were home-schooled, but most attended public schools.

Millions of little girls take gymnastics across our nation. Only a select few will climb to the elite level and I know first-hand that during the summer of 2000, the elite in at least one state is happy with the experience.

--Susan

(To reply, click here.)

People need to understand that just because these girls are petite and small doesn't mean that they have the mind of a six-year-old. They know what is right and wrong and are old enough to make up their own mind. Bela's training tactics are no different than those used by other coaches. And like the article says, it obviously works. I do feel bad for those girls who are "cast aside", but what is being in a sport anyway. If you're not one of the best in a sport, then you're saying basically that anyone can do it. These gymnasts, the ones that can perform through anything, are better than the rest and deserve their time in the limelight.

--Crystal Rosenbaum

(To reply, click here.)

Bela may seem like a mean old man to the tiny athletes he coaches, but it needs to be remembered that he can be compared to an extremely successful businessman. A businessman will smile adoringly to his workers when he needs to, but then he will crack the whip and get them to work when he needs to. Also, the "workers" (gymnasts) under Bela are the ones who will reap the benefits of their own hard work. If they achieve gold medals, they will get the endorsement contracts that will make them millionaires. The athletes know this, and they work hard because of their own desire, not just for the endorsements but also for the fulfillment of their dreams to be world-class athletes.

No-one in the world, not even a successful businessman like Bela could get slave labor out of an unwilling worker. The gymnasts are working to make themselves successful, and Bela helps them do that. Bela doesn't gain anything except a decent job. The athletes he coaches are aware of what it takes to reach the top of their sport, and they choose Bela because of his track record. It isn't like the gymnasts he coaches don't have their choice of other coaches. They aren't "stuck" with him.

--Marie

(To reply, click here.)

Perhaps the problem with today's gymnastics is that the U.S. federation believes that only Karolyi can save it. Perhaps our focus instead should be on creating a federation of coaches who can create together an elite training environment, yet cater to the physical and emotional needs of gymnasts. With or without Karolyi, U.S. gymnastics has to find some way to incorporate gymnastics with the more mature athlete.

--Mallory Lubofsky

(To reply, click here.)

[Note from the Fray Editor: Many, many gymnasts, ex-gymnasts and parents of gymnasts came into the Fray to argue with the "Assessment". There was also some discussion of terminology. Diane thinks the sport should be re-labelled "Girls' Gymnastics". Laurel Lacy felt David Plotz was speaking with a male point of view when he said "we want to see women", and another reader took issue with the "devastatingly sexy hair bows". And Karen Phillips disliked the phrase "big tough bullies" for athletes like Mia Hamm: "Perhaps you could use strong or well-developed or muscular."]

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