Sources for this article include James Joll, The Anarchists (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1964); Frank Avrich, Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1995); and Corinne Jacker, The Black Flag of Anarchy: Antistatism in the United States (New York: Scribner's, 1968).