Some complications are too much for even advanced beer science to overcome. Just as there is a wide gap between "list price" and "street price" for computers and VCRs, so beer pricing is entangled by a system of seemingly permanent sales. The prices reported in this study and used for value calculations are all street prices in effect on the day of testing--that is, what Safeway actually charged for the beer used in the test, after all discounts, clearance offers, etc., were taken into account. Most but not all the beers were on "special" sale that day. Grolsch was not, which hurt it in the value-for-price computations. But Grolsch had other problems, as we will see.