The Mystery of the Rising Stock MarketIf the economy's stagnant, why are stocks up? The answer is disturbing.
Posted Tuesday, Nov. 3, 2009, at 1:09 PM ETHere's a puzzle: The stock markets are doing very well, yet the performance of the underlying economy doesn't seem to justify optimism. The buoyant S&P 500 has risen 53 percent since the March bottom. And while the economy expanded at a 3.5 percent rate in the third quarter, unemployment is high, incomes are stagnant, and consumers are shaky.
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StumbleUponIt's possible that the stock market is just getting it wrong again. After all, the markets, which are supposed to process investors' attitudes about the future, hit record highs in October 2007, just as the U.S. economy was about to pitch into recession. But it could be that the notion the stock market is an accurate gauge of the domestic economy's temperature is outdated.
The Dow, the S&P 500, and the NASDAQ are primarily indices of large U.S.-based companies, not main street businesses: more Davos than Chamber of Commerce. These increasingly cosmopolitan firms have been busy globalizing and expanding their operations overseas. In 2006, according to Standard & Poor's, 238 members of the S&P 500 broke out revenues between U.S. and non-U.S. sales. These companies notched about 43.6 percent of sales outside the United States. For large companies that had already saturated the U.S. market, the home market was something of an afterthought. In the second quarter of 2007, 66 percent of Coca-Cola's beverage business came from outside North America.
And thanks to the long recession, demand for products and services of all types in the United States has shrunk even since 2006. Yes, the global economy in 2008 experienced its first year of shrinkage since World War II. But growth has resumed, and in some places—Peru, China, India—it never stopped. As a result, the globe's economic geography has continued to change, with the United States accounting for a smaller chunk of global output and demand each year. For much of the past two years, virtually all growth in economic activity has taken place outside America's borders. As a result, U.S.-based companies are becoming even more reliant on non-U.S. customers and operations for sales. S&P last summer updated its numbers. In 2008, the figure rose to 47.9 percent (with 253 of the 500 companies reporting), up from 43.6 percent in 2006. Put another way, in two years, big companies' proportion of sales coming from outside the United States rose 9.8 percent. It's likely the 2009 figure will be something very close to 50 percent.
If companies participated in foreign markets primarily by exporting U.S.-made goods, this shift would be good news for the U.S. economy and workers. But that's not how it works. In fact, in the months after the global credit meltdown, U.S. exports plummeted. They bottomed in April, at $120.6 billion, and though they have been rising, the August 2009 total is still 20 percent below the August 2008 total. Globalization is changing the way we do business. It's not a matter of U.S. companies exporting goods—burgers, soda, cars, software—made in the United States to Beijing but rather, making goods overseas and selling them overseas.
The Financial Times reported that Disney this week is releasing Book of Masters.
"Based on a Russian fairy tale and produced in Russia using local talent, the film is the latest step in Disney's broad push into local language production," the FT reports. As Disney CEO Robert Iger put it: "We would not be able to grow the Disney brand … if we just created product in the US and exported it to the rest of the world." If Book of Masters succeeds, it will be good for Disney's American shareholders but won't do a whole lot of good for its U.S.-based employees. Or consider American icon General Motors. GM's sales in China are rocking. In the first nine months, the company sold 1.3 million cars in China, including more than 181,000 in September. By contrast, GM in the United States in the first nine months sold 1.5 million cars in the United States, down 36.4 percent from the year before. And in September, GM sold just 156,673 cars in the United States. That growth in China is good for GM's shareholders and for some of its executives. But since most of the cars sold in China are produced there, with parts produced by suppliers in China, rising sales in the Middle Kingdom won't translate into jobs for unionized workers in the Middle West.
The rising U.S. stock market and a weak, slow-growing U.S. consumer sector aren't really in contradiction. Given the large-scale trends transforming the global economy—and the role of large U.S. companies in it—it may be possible to have a sustainable rally in American stocks without a sustainable rally by American consumers.
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The very same people who will tell you that those who buy stocks are just evil speculators are the very same ones that will say that the market bouncing off its bottom is a great voice of confidence in Obama. Well markets always overshoot in both directions and then come to some sort of equilibrium. If you follow the Dow you would see that point of equilibrium is somewhere between 9500 and 10,000 (9771 today). Were not in a bull market or a bear market right now – we're in what's called a trading range. As the 30's and 40's showed, sometimes that can go on for decades. Especially as the 30's and 40's showed when you have Democrats in the White House.
-- businessanalyst
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I've been saying that we're on in a "race to the bottom" for years. When all your manufacturing jobs move overseas for lower wages, eventually there will no one left to buy the products and the whole global economy will fail.
We used to have a garment industry in the US that employed thousands of workers and paid a living wage. Then Wal Mart came along and attitudes changed from buying a quality product to buying a cheaper product. Jobs started moving overseas and US garment workers started losing their jobs. The companies are constantly looking for cheaper and cheaper labor, India, then Bangladesh, then Burma, each time paying the worker less and less. Where once workers were paid a living wage, more and more they are being page a subsistence wage. People earning a subsistence wage don't grow the economy, they're just making enough to eat. What happens when we keep from hitting bottom? How do we get the corporations to raise prices and raise wages? This is a slow inexorable slide.
I like the way the shills hide the truth by saying that the "low paying menial jobs are being replaced by higher paying service jobs." They hide it by factoring in Banking and Financial Services into the service jobs. Middle class workers are making less and less and less, and bankers salaries are rising so high that it hides the fact that our middle class is suffering. Real wages in the middle class are falling drastically and this spells doom for our economy.
-- Hawkman
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