Pinker writes that numerous researchers have observed and written about greater male variability, but "in Summers' case it caused a furious uproar that wouldn't abate. 'I felt I was going to be sick,' said MIT biology professor Nancy Hopkins, who reported that Summers' comments upset her so much that 'my heart was pounding and my breath was shallow.' Summers went on to talk about a third factor—socialization and continuing discrimination—but few listened."