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Bring Out the Kwanzaa KinaraOK, the holiday is made up. But for my family, it was beneficial.

By Melonyce McAfee
Posted Monday, Dec. 24, 2007, at 8:08 AM ET
Kwanzaa kinara Click image to expand.

Dec. 26 is the first day of Kwanzaa, the pan-African holiday created 40 years ago by a black-studies professor to promote strength, self-sufficiency, and unity among people of African descent in America and abroad. The weeklong celebration has come under attack inside and outside the black community by critics who deem it mumbo jumbo conjured up to sell kente cloth and widen the racial divide. In a 2005 "Faith-Based," reproduced below, Melonyce McAfee explained that although she understood the naysayers' perspective, during her youth, Kwanzaa actually did bring unity, purpose, and solace to her family. (For a primer on the holiday, read Carol M. Beach's explanation of the principles of Kwanzaa.)

I don't know where we got a candelabrum. But there we were, lighting the candles in the kinara and reciting Swahili words like umoja, ujima, and kujichagulia while my brother poured water from an earthenware jug onto a half-dead plant. We placed whatever fruit we had (apples, oranges, bruised bananas) onto a table festooned with African objets d'art, the kinara, and a small jug of water. For seven nights, we lit a candle and recited one of the Nguzo Saba principles, like nia for faith. The Swahili didn't roll off our tongues, but we liked how it sounded. We performed a libation, pouring liquid from the kikombe cha umoja, or unity cup, into soil in remembrance of our ancestors.

It was Mom's idea, like the world-beat reggae concerts, Earth Day fairs, and Marcus Garvey coloring books. Kwanzaa was a way to bring our ragtag family together and nudge us away from the false idols and commercial trickery of the holiday season. We only celebrated Kwanzaa for a couple of years. That might sound like a fist-in-the-air dalliance into neo-black-holiday land. But the dismissal wouldn't be fair. Kwanzaa may be made-up, but for my family it was useful.

Kwanzaa was conjured up in 1966 by Dr. Maulana Karenga, former chair of the black studies department at California State University, Long Beach, to "reaffirm and restore our rootedness in African culture." For my mother, a black child of the cause-oriented 1960s and '70s raising three black children of the Cosby-fied '80s and '90s, that seemed perfect. Since the untimely departure of my father from the family (oh, he's still alive, mind you), my little brother had been in need of male guidance. He attended a mentorship program in which black men organized camping trips and kumbaya-ing for boys in need of a male role model. The program was Pan-African in its ideology—black role models, institutions, language, and, apparently, holidays for black people. This led us to Kwanzaa.

We also had a toe rooted in the Southern Baptist church. And going to the homes of my extended family on Christmas—with their pinned-up stockings and glinting trees—showed me the importance of the holiday to black Christians. But my mom, sister, brother, and I celebrated Christmas on a contingency basis, depending on the amount of extra cash lying around. We kids could count on a toy from Santa Claus from our grandmother or from an aunt, but never Mom. She was a realist and naturalist who had spent years falling away from the church.

So, in addition to our half-assed attempts at Christmas, here we were doing the Kwanzaa thing, manual in hand. If we missed a night lighting a candle and reciting a principle, no big deal, we'd just torch two candles and translate a couple of Swahili words the next night. We weren't strict because the ritual was not a tradition.

Nor would it become one. As time passed, Kwanzaa just didn't stick. My brother quit the mentorship program, a chore we had difficulty coaxing him into anyway. As adolescents, we wanted Mom to deliver us to our fast-food jobs, basketball practices, and the comic book shop. Tapping into global African consciousness didn't interest us. Kwanzaa tried to shoehorn us into a larger African community; we were struggling to fit into our own neighborhood. Dr. Karenga counts millions of Kwanzaa observers worldwide, but I don't know many people who regularly set up the Kwanzaa table the day after Christmas.

Still, I'm not ready to join the naysayers who mock Kwanzaa as a pseudo holiday, created to annoy white people and kept alive to peddle cards and kente cloth. "No one is quite sure just what Kwanzaa is," Jonathan Safran Foer deadpans in a New York Times op-ed this morning. Debra Dickerson called the holiday a "cop out" in a Times op-ed from 2003 because it sidesteps the traditions hard-built by African-Americans over the last centuries. "Insofar as Kwanzaa negates the quintessential Americanness of the slave-descended, it is an affront to the heroism and enunciated goals of our oppressed ancestors," she wrote.

But what's more American than tweaking an institution to suit your needs? Some folks who don't go to church pine for more than the dancing black Santa from Wal-Mart. Plus, Kwanzaa and Christmas are not mutually exclusive—'tis the season of peaceful co-existence. A rule of Kwanzaa states that one "should not mix the Kwanzaa holiday or its symbols, values and practice with any other culture." But Kwanzaa starts the day after Christmas, so until Dec. 26, you can drink eggnog out of a gourd shell.

Kwanzaa's principles are expressed in Swahili, the co-opted language of the '60s black radical. But they still reflect what most experts on the black condition scream are missing from our homes: unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith. Sure, some of these echo Christian tenets. Some, though, speak to the educational, financial, and familial repair that is needed specifically in black communities. My simple defense of Kwanzaa is that in the short time that we celebrated the holiday, it brought my family together. We weren't hitting the after-Christmas sales or trying out our new bicycles. We were kneeling around an altar and watching as the water ran from the jug in my brother's hands.

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Melonyce McAfee is a Slate copy editor. She can be reached at .
Photograph of Kwanzaa kinara by Stockbyte.
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Remarks from the Fray:

All holidays are made up. It irritates me that everyone belittles Kwanzaa because it was made up a lot more recently. There are plenty of reasons not to like Kwanzaa, and just as many reasons to embrace the holiday, but arguing it's synthetic nature is silly. Christmas, Hanukkah, Yalda, etc. These all had to be made up at some time right? No holiday celebrates itself.

--pbakhtar

(To reply, click here.)

I don't mean to belittle Kwanzaa for those who hold deep, fervent emotions for that holiday. But I suspect few do. I'd describe my approach toward it as a sideways look and slight grimace. The reason being it really is a contrived holiday with questionable motivation behind it. Sort of like Sweetest Day.

At best it is a celebration of African heritage that most African-Americans don't really have a strong feeling for. At worst it is an attempt to separate African-Americans from mainstream white culture and replace the slave-maker holiday, Christmas, invented by white Christian devils.

There is such a thing as a "natural holiday," which gets more respect because it was inspired by a specific, evocative event and evolves into a celebration because people want to more than because someone tells them they ought to. As such I think Juneteenth appears to be a better candidate for the definitive African-American holiday over Kwanzaa. Young African-Americans seem to agree.

Lest I seem biased I would suggest that Hannukah falls partially into the contrived holiday status. It was a minor Jewish holiday about some oil and a civil war which got elevated because it occurs in December and the Jewish kids felt left out. I say with confidence that very few Jews feel the emotional attachment to Hannukah that most Christians (and secularists even) feel about Christmas.

--bsharporflat

(To reply, click here.)

I don't think there is any such thing as the definitive African-American holiday. I also fail to see why an increase in popularity of Juneteenth would have have any negative impact on Kwanzaa. If anything it would encourage Blacks to celebrate based on their experience and history, which can only be good for Kwanzaa.


I also think that Kwanzaa is an African-American celebration, while Juneteenth is an American holiday. For comparison, Easter is a Christian holiday while Memorial day is American.

--blakdogg

(To reply, click here.)

(12/25)

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