Please understand, I am not at all critical of the original papers—the authors did good work and fairly reported what they had found. It's just that the original research described an association between increased vitamin E consumption and less heart disease, which made other people jump to the conclusion that the vitamin E caused the better outcome. The later research showed that the relationship wasn't causative, and that it was not a good idea to prescribe the vitamin in the hope that it would decrease heart disease.