Thanks to his own efforts, and those of his studios—Warner Brothers, Paramount, Universal, and MGM among them—any project with Hitchcock's name, or eventually just his silhouette, could attract a sizable audience. But the director's auteur status also had more far-reaching results. Establishing his reputation as a do-it-all filmmaker allowed Hitchcock to wrest more control over his pictures from his producers and from the studios. The director thus paved the way for the achievements, and excesses, of the new Hollywood era. Second generation auteurs—Coppola, Scorsese, and others—enjoyed unprecedented artistic independence, and came closer than Hitchcock ever did to making "one man" pictures.