Capreomycin, an antibiotic for tuberculosis, costs $25 per gram in Boston. Using QALY-based cost analysis, it would be utterly unaffordable for developing countries—and so, resources would focus only on TB prevention, not treatment of the already ill. Yet, as reported in Science in 2001, the international aid group Doctors Without Borders negotiated for bulk purchase of capreomycin from manufacturers on behalf of poor countries—and, incredibly, scored a 96 percent discount. Now, big money from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation will help scale up treatment in poor countries and further drive down costs, with the goal of treating 2 million people with AIDS.