
The Surf Also RisesHow macho movies get misread as homoerotic.
Posted Wednesday, June 27, 2007, at 7:05 AM ETRead more from Slate's Summer Movies.
The most famous thing ever written about surfing, Tom Wolfe's essay, "The Pump House Gang," doesn't have much to do with surfing. Instead, Wolfe focuses on the hostility between adult society and surfing understood as an outsider cult and defined, more or less, by mindless adolescence. This is a strange position for Wolfe (of all people) to take, since embedded within actual surf culture is something that should be right up his alley: an elaborate, informal, borderline inscrutable code of masculine status.
Many high-quality surf spots are governed by a "pecking order," for example. And those who surf the biggest, most dangerous waves are called "hellmen" and "gladiators." So it's no surprise that—despite all the clichés about blissed-out surf-stoners—the most serious and ambitious surf movies convey a traditional, indeed heroic ethos. And it's probably no surprise that they sometimes share a peculiar fate with other films that offer idealized portraits of heroic masculinity, such as this year's 300—the tendency to have clueless film critics misread them as "homoerotic."
Among surfers, John Milius' Big Wednesday (1978) is widely viewed as the best nondocumentary surf film ever made. The movie follows three California surfers—talented Matt (Jan-Michael Vincent), crazy Leroy (Gary Busey), and sensible Jack (William Katt)—as they pass from adolescence to adulthood in the 1960s. The film's crucible is the Vietnam War. The whole crew gets draft notices, and they all feign lunacy to avoid service, but nobody questions the war itself. Big Wednesday, with its conservative director, conveys something else: the disdain that many California surfers of the 1960s held for hippie culture. There's a withering scene in which Matt and his wife sit down for lunch at their favorite diner, only to find that hippies have turned it into a health food restaurant. From start to finish, Big Wednesday is a film about loss and decline, but nothing in the film so pungently signifies the enveloping Waste Land as a hairy waiter in a tie-dyed tank top serving up bean sprout sandwiches.
When Big Wednesday finally arrives, the three friends meet at the beach and turn wordlessly to face "the Great Swell" and walk, as if into battle, toward the surf. At the end of the day, they part, after a round of bare-chested bro-hugs, pausing—wordlessly again—to take in the monster waves still slamming on the outside. (HBO's wonderful John From Cincinnati examines this type from a different angle, asking the question: What happens when such laconic surf-macho runs headfirst into several generations of pain?)
If Big Wednesday is the most serious surf film ever made, Katherine Bigelow's Point Break (1991) is surf cinema's biggest missed opportunity. Roughly based on Tapping the Source, Kem Nunn's acclaimed "surf-noir" novel, Point Break—with a studio budget and an able director—could have nailed the visual splendor of surf and surfing in the same way it nails its sky diving sequences. (Point Break, weirdly, is the best sky diving movie ever.) However, as Thad Ziolkowski noted recently in Slate, Bigelow botches the surfing. She has surfers changing stances and conversing on waves, Gidget-style, and, most egregiously, she has churning left-hand waves magically changing into churning right-hand waves.
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Remarks from the Fray
The author takes umbrage that the cinematic depiction of the male body and male friendship is labeled as homoerotic when he believes that instead it's an instance of narcissism. What a predicament for men (gay or heterosexual) to be in--friendship and the male body is either sexualized or a vehicle for egoism. That's a rather narrow worldview to project on manhood and similar in many ways to what the entertainment industry projects on womanhood. Not being male myself, I certainly hope that men don't take this out of the theaters and view friendships and their bodies as solely vehicles for self-interest and sexuality--that would strike me as incredibly myopic and sad.
--eiruduais
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In a sense, the recognition of self and love of it would be, in fact, homo-love. Perhaps not erotic love or sexual love, but yes, a form of love. [...] There is something else going on in macho heroism brotherhood that isn't predominantly sexual, and as eros has been completely sexualized in certain circles of criticism, it would cause us to reject the notion that all macho heroism is homoerotic or homosexual. [...]
We don't have to get drawn into the distorted and convoluted arguments of critics who are trying to make everything Freud. There are more things out there, more important things out there, and many of them have little or nothing to do with sex, even as they may have lots to do with gender.
--BenK
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After reading The Iliad, which has to be the spiritual predecessor to the action movie it seems entirely possible for a work of art to be both homoerotic and, like, totally awesome, man. [...] The reaction of Achilles to Patroclus' death, that otherworldly combination of grief and rage that transforms him into the demigod among men is so profound precisely because the loss is so acute.
Who cares if he was gay or not? The important part is his reaction. The ruthless killing machine that Achilles becomes upon hearing of Patroclus' death has been mirrored in many action movies. I remember reading the section when Achilles gets his new armor from Hephaestus and thinking This is the "Oh, its ON" Montage. The point of the moment is about the purity of Achilles' fury, and what it turns him into. That's the part of it that is awesome.
--Systemz
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Straight men, unlike straight women, are not generally allowed to express their attraction to the male form or even their love of their male friends. Homoeroticism in cinema is an expression of the latent "homosexual" tendencies that exist amongst most, if not all, men. It is met with derision by critics not because they take it as a sign that all straight men are closet cases, but because of the clandestine way movie makers must appeal to these normal male feelings.
--coolya12001
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The large lively object with the pulsing protuberant member which you are ignoring is the idea of the male gaze. Traditionally speaking, straight guys gaze at hotness, they don't worry about looking hot. Both grooming their own bodies for the purpose of another's aesthetic pleasure/sexual desire and appreciating the physical beauty of another man are coded as gay. To be a proper straight guy you're not supposed to notice other guys' hotness nor to effectively be able to beautify yourself. Because the straight guy is always the looker and never the look-y.
--Diablevert
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The point of the discourse on Master and Slave, if I recall correctly, was to describe not just a static, "essentialist" relationship, but a dialectic the result of which lay in the Slave's overcoming and Aufhebung of his subordinate status, by means of the rational faculty. By studying the Master and learning from him, making him dependent on yourself, you not only liberate yourself but become a Master in your own right.
Feeney makes some good points; it's true: men can admire each other and not be gay. But I still can't help but wonder why Feeney has to conclude with the assumption that "gay" is an insult, a way to put another man down. Gay men can also be men of accomplishment - in any area of life. If Feeney wants to rehabilitate the idea of men sharing a narcissistic bond forged in mutual recognition of personal gloire, I would think being mistaken for gay would be something he'd strive for.
--MarkEHaag
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The premise of the heroic tradition, going back to Homer, is that real life is lived among men, that meaningful activity is what men do, and that the only relationships that really matter are those between men based on mutual esteem. In the Iliad, women are a necessity to do the cooking, to scratch the old itch, and to bear the next generation of manchildren, but they're otherwise a distraction from what really matters. The only male-female relationship we'd consider mature in Homer is between Hektor and Andromache, and Hektor is an unwilling hero, compelled to fight in defense of his home for a cause he does not believe in.
Among the Hellenes the homoerotic blended seamlessly into the homosexual. In Christian societies, there is a constant tension to keep the one from toppling over into another. As in Victorian England, the more patriarchal the culture, the greater the risk, the fear and the temptation that David's love for Jonathan, "passing the love of women," will take that extra physical step. Sex and emotional intimacy should be closely intertwined. Confine the female sphere to "kinder, kuche and kirche," and you make that connection difficult if not impossible between men and women. Make male friendships the only meaningful ones, and you leave them lacking consummation.
--jack_cerf
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