CONRAD is an agency founded by USAID and the Eastern Virginia Medical School to conduct research in reproductive health promotion and HIV/AIDS prevention. As with most such studies, the interim results of the Ushercell research were concealed from the researchers to prevent unconscious, outcome-changing effects, but monitored by an independent board, which noticed the increased risk of infection in the Ushercell-treated women. All the women in the study were, of course, blinded as to whether they were given an active or inactive vaginal gel to use. They were also supplied with high-quality condoms, frequent HIV-prevention counseling, and diagnostic care and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases. And money has been set aside so that any women who contract HIV while participating in the study can be given treatment, including antiretroviral drugs.