In his book Against All Enemies, Richard Clarke contends that President Bush was eager to draw ties between Saddam Hussein and the 9/11 attacks just hours after the event. Bob Woodward, in Plan of Attack, reports that, at the same time, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld wondered out loud whether 9/11 provided an "opportunity" to attack Iraq—and that President Bush asked Rumsfeld to draw up a war plan against Iraq as early as Nov. 21, 2001. Time magazine's chronicle of decision-making reported that, on March 2, 2002, three senators were meeting with National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice. When President Bush dropped by, they asked him how he planned to deal with Saddam; Bush replied, "F--- Saddam, we're taking him out." Time further reported that, during the same month, Vice President Dick Cheney told a meeting of Senate Republicans, strictly off the record, that the question was no longer whether to attack Iraq but when. Seymour Hersh also wrote in The New Yorker, "By early March 2002, a former White House official told me, it was understood by many in the White House that the President had decided, in his own mind, to go to war."