After Abraham Lincoln took a clear stand against anti-Semitism, America's Jews were staunch supporters of Republican presidential candidates. This support lasted through the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) after which the growing Jewish population started paying more attention to Democrats. Between 1928 and 1948, 75 percent to 90 percent of Jewish votes were cast for Democratic presidential candidates. For more information, see an excellent overview of the history of Jewish voting trends by Dr. Steven Windmueller of the Hebrew Union College School of Jewish Communal Service in Los Angeles.