Bioweapons inspections are, to be sure, much more difficult than inspections for chemical or nuclear weapons. One problem is that a tiny, practically undetectable amount of material can, through replication, be converted into a large amount—a process that someone like Saddam Hussein might begin just after cheerily waving goodbye to unknowing inspectors. Still, the degree of challenge varies according to the type of bioweapon, and for some, such weapons inspections have in the past proved successful. U.N. inspectors did catch Saddam Hussein making anthrax the first time around and learned an immense amount about his whole bioweapons-making infrastructure. For now, inspections are one of many imperfect tools we have to use in the hope that our overall tool kit at least makes life so hard on bioweapons terrorists that they rarely succeed.