All the donors for Graham's bank were white, and his only public donor was William Shockley, whose obsession was the low intelligence of American blacks. Graham's critics called him a racist because of this. Was he? The evidence is ambiguous. His son Robin denies he was racist, so do donors and mothers who knew him, so does Smith. Smith says he tried hard to recruit black and Asian donors and that he once found a black donor who was rejected only because he was diabetic. And the repository gave sperm to at least one Asian client. On the other hand, Smith concedes that Graham thought blacks were less intelligent than whites, and legal scholar Lori Andrews reports that Graham asked her to find a legal way to prevent "an unmarried black woman" from receiving his genius sperm.