What he did then: Commander, U.S. Central Command, responsible for operations in Afghanistan and Iraq

What he does now: Retired from active duty

Reported involvement: As head of CENTCOM, Franks was responsible for combat operations and military activities in Afghanistan and Iraq. He developed the operational plan for the invasion of Iraq and oversaw its execution. In an after-action review, the Army's Judge Advocate General school noted that this plan left military police and intelligence units woefully under-resourced and underprepared to handle the large numbers of prisoners they would eventually encounter. Among other things, the JAG report states that the decision to deploy the 800th Military Police Brigade, the unit that managed Abu Ghraib, after the war's start put prisoner operations in a state of perpetual chaos. In its report, the Schlesinger commission said this chaos contributed greatly to the abuses at Abu Ghraib, where detainees outnumbered MPs by a ratio of 75 to 1.

Photograph of Tommy Franks by Ahmad Al-Rubaye/AFP.