PHILADELPHIA—On the Kerry plane Thursday, reporters asked Mike McCurry why the campaign agreed to make the foreign-policy debate first, as the Bush campaign wanted, instead of third, as the Commission on Presidential Debates had scheduled it. “You know, we have to take anything like that and turn it into an opportunity,” McCurry said. So, you see it as an opportunity? Not quite: “I’m supposed to lower expectations, not raise them.”
Maybe McCurry should tell the candidate. I counted six times this week that Kerry raised his debate expectations by disparaging President Bush’s intelligence or knowledge, seven if you count a comment made by Sen. Joe Biden during a Friday rally here. During his Monday night appearance on David Letterman, Kerry said that during the debates, “George Bush is gonna sit on Dick Cheney’s lap,” an apparent reference to the widespread Democratic belief that the vice president is the ventriloquist/puppeteer and Bush is the dummy. (At least, I hope that was the reference.) On Tuesday’s Live With Regis & Kelly, Kerry said of the just-concluded debate negotiations, “The big hang-up was George Bush wanted a lifeline where he could call,” an allusion to Regis Philbin’s Who Wants To Be a Millionaire? game show. That night in Orlando, Kerry said that President Bush says he would have gone to war “even if he knew there was no connection of al-Qaida and Sept. 11 and Iraq—which we knew, but even if he knew that.” In Columbus on Thursday, Kerry mocked Bush’s claim that the CIA was “just guessing” about Iraq in its National Intelligence Estimate by implying that the president didn’t understand the nature of the report and hadn’t looked at it: “It’s called an analysis. And the president ought to read it, and he ought to study it, and he ought to respond to it.” On Friday on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania *, Biden compared the two candidates for president by saying, “John Kerry understands and has actually read history.” Earlier that morning, during Kerry’s war-on-terror speech at Temple University, Kerry noted that the president agreed to testify before the 9/11 commission “only with Vice President Cheney at his side,” and he ridiculed Republican claims that a new president wouldn’t be able to get more allies involved in Iraq and the war on terror by saying, “I have news for President Bush: Just because you can’t do something doesn’t mean it can’t be done.”
Good lines all—well, except the sitting-in-Cheney’s lap one. But was this the week to trot out the Bush-is-an-idiot-controlled-by-Cheney meme? I thought the campaigns were supposed to talk up their opponents before the debates, not deride them. Kerry is Cicero and Bush is Rocky Marciano, the man who has never lost.
Other than this minor misstep in the expectations game, however, Kerry set himself up well this week for Thursday’s debate, which will be the most decisive event in the presidential campaign so far. The foreign-policy debate deserves to go first, because this is a foreign-policy election. At Kerry’s town halls, even the ones that are supposed to be about health care or Social Security or the economy, the majority of voters ask him questions about Iraq. Here’s one way to think about next week’s face-off: Bush and Kerry are running for leader of the free world, not just president of the United States, and both candidates want to cast themselves as a global Abraham Lincoln while defining their opponent as an international version of John C. Calhoun.
Bush lays claim to the mantle of Lincoln the Emancipator: Like the 16th president, Bush believes that individual liberty trumps state sovereignty (the international version of states’ rights). Sure, Saddam Hussein was sovereign, but he was a tyrant and a menace to his people, Bush says, so America’s invasion was a just one. Kofi Annan says Bush’s invasion of Iraq was a violation of international law, but Bush appeals to a higher law that says that some laws and some rulers are illegitimate. Bush laid out his Lincolnesque doctrine of liberty over sovereignty in his acceptance speech at the Republican convention: “Our nation’s founding commitment is still our deepest commitment: In our world, and here at home, we will extend the frontiers of freedom.” Bush wants to paint Kerry as a global Calhoun, a man who prefers French sovereignty to Iraqi freedom.
Kerry, on the other hand, casts himself as Lincoln the preserver of the Union (while at the same time questioning Bush’s competence and highlighting the disparity between the president’s “fantasy world” ideals and the “world of reality” on the ground). I don’t want to overstate this, because the Republican caricature of Kerry as a one-worlder who would let France exert a veto over American security is inaccurate. But Kerry clearly believes in the international structures and institutions that have been created since World War II, and he sees Bush, shall we say, nullifying them. In this version of the story, it’s Bush who is Calhoun, the man who would elevate the shortsighted rights of his state over the compact that every state has entered to promote the greater good.
This analogy, like all historical analogies, is flawed in many ways. It may be particularly unfair to Kerry, who on the stump talks about relying on allies out of pragmatism rather than idealism. But it gets at the factor that I think will determine the winner of next week’s debate: Which candidate will be able to present himself as the internationalist and his opponent as the isolationist? Bush says Kerry would turn his back on the people of the world who suffer under tyranny. Kerry says Bush has already turned his back on the world and has replaced dictatorship in Iraq with chaos, not the freedom he claims.
It will be an uphill battle for Kerry. So far, he’s been successful at pointing out the flaws in Bush’s policies, but he hasn’t convinced enough people that President Kerry’s policies would be any better. And Bush’s bounce out of the Republican convention showed how attractive the president’s principles, if not his policies, are.
In July, voters seemed to have decided that they’d like to get rid of Bush. But when they turned their attention to his potential replacement, they were disappointed by what they discovered. The Republican convention exploited that disappointment, and now there are more undecided voters than ever—because voters found out they don’t like either guy.
Bush lost the incumbent’s referendum, then Kerry lost the one on the challenger. Now we don’t know what we want. That’s why Thursday will be so critical. For Kerry to win, he needs to argue successfully that liberty and the international order, like strength and wisdom, are not opposing values.
Correction, Sept. 27, 2004: This article originally said that Biden spoke at the University of Philadelphia. He spoke at the University of Pennsylvania. (Return to corrected sentence.)
