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Long Live the Singh

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's Congress Party wins an unexpectedly strong victory in India.

Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Click image to expand.
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh

On Saturday, Manmohan Singh became India's first prime minister since Indira Gandhi to win a second term in office. * But the true star of this campaign was Gandhi's grandson Rahul Gandhi.

Both Singh and Gandhi are leaders of the Congress Party, whose members flooded the streets of New Delhi Saturday to celebrate their unexpectedly strong victory. Amid the marching bands and exploding firecrackers, there mingled a stranger sound: voters shouting the words to the song "Singh Is Kinng." The song is the most popular tune from a Bollywood movie, released last year, that had nothing to do with the prime minister and features a cameo from rapper Snoop Dogg. But that's not even the most un-prime ministerial thing about it. The title of king simply doesn't fit the mild-mannered Singh. He doesn't project a royal image.

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"No one goes to the polls to vote for Manmohan Singh," sneered political analyst Mohan Guruswamy before the results were announced. Singh—always dressed in a pale-blue turban, always mumbling into his carefully trimmed beard—fades into the background in an Indian political arena dominated by colorful, passionate leaders. Many ministers get elected based on fiery appeals to religious and caste-based grievances; more than one high-profile politician was accused of hate speech before voting began in mid-April.

Meanwhile, Singh is so soft-spoken that it is hard to understand his press conferences. He's often been ridiculed as a guileless puppet, manipulated from behind the scenes by Sonia Gandhi, head of the Congress Party. But Singh has a reputation for running a vigorously clean administration and for standing on his principles. His self-effacing manner might very well have convinced voters he is what India needs as it faces the new challenges of a slowing economy and renewed turmoil in its neighborhood.

The result certainly comes as a relief to Washington. Obama administration officials were almost as terrified as U.S. investors at the prospect of an India held together by a feeble coalition government, an India potentially run by state party bosses with no previously articulated foreign policy—or, worse, a government dominated by India's leftist parties with a pro-Iran and anti-American agenda. Such a government would surely have continued to delay long-awaited economic reforms. It would have been less likely to execute the kind of agile diplomacy necessary with India's volatile neighbors—Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka.

Like the Indian middle class, Washington basically considers the Congress Party a safe bet. Both groups hope the party will take prudent action to help control an explosive Pakistan. Singh is a known quantity and pro-globalization: He is one of the original architects of India's economic reforms, and he recently staked his reputation on the controversial U.S.-Indian civilian nuclear deal, which he saw as a pillar for a budding strategic relationship with the United States.

The Confederation of Indian Industry immediately urged the new government to "fast track" economic reforms. U.S. and Indian businesspeople are pleased that the Congress Party will almost certainly be able to push through many long-stalled economic reforms, unfettered by leftist parties that had a great deal of influence on the last Congress coalition. These elections decimated the leftists; they lost big even in their traditional bastions of Kerala and West Bengal (a state that has been led by the Communist Party of India-Marxist for over three decades).

For weeks, the Indian media have been agog with the intrigue, prophesying, and horse-trading of an uncertain outcome. With a shaky coalition the most likely result, India's 24-hour news machine speculated endlessly, MSNBC-style, about which coalition would win over which "vote bank." When an ambitious regional leader made a veiled insult at a bigger leader, it sparked a fury of reporting on potential kings and kingmakers.

The reporting was all the more fascinating because so many of these characters are colorful figures, like Kumari Mayawati, from the Dalit, or untouchable, caste, who styled herself as the savior of the oppressed masses. But in the end, Mayawati performed disappointingly in these elections, regardless of her high ambitions and her obvious appeal to India's lower castes.

If U.S. exit polls are unreliable, consider the special challenge facing pollsters in India. More than 8,000 candidates from more than 1,000 political parties were on the ballot in this year's election. Analysts dared venture only a few certainties about the results, which were also mostly wrong. Most anticipated that India's smaller, regional parties would upstage the national parties and that a weaker coalition would emerge.

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Miranda Kennedy's book following the lives of six women in India will be published in 2010. She can be found at www.mirandakennedy.com.

Photograph of Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh by Prakash Singh/AFP/Getty Images.