What the Iraqi Constitution will and won't allow.

The Iraqi Constitution is finally written, sort of, and it bears remarkable similarity to the winning entry in Chatterbox's "draw the lumberjack"-style reader contest in that it sidesteps a lot of contentious issues. But one section of the constitution is, I think, being wrongly identified as a fudge. I refer to the following text:

1. Islam is a main source for legislation.
   a. No law may contradict Islamic standards.
   b. No law may contradict democratic standards.

My Slate colleague Fred Kaplan calls this "a contradiction that would befuddle the most probing judicial review. …. For women especially, Islamic law itself contravenes the principles of democracy and basic liberties." But "democracy" and "basic liberties" don't necessarily go hand-in-hand. As Fareed Zakaria noted in his 2003 book The Future of Freedom (click here for a review displaying rare insight), a polity may choose, democratically, to deny basic freedoms prized by a minority—or even freedoms that, on any other day, might be prized by the majority. So while the Sunnis seem nuts to resist compromise on the constitution—having no oil gives Sunnis a much larger stake than the Kurds or the Shiites in maintaining a unified Iraq—I can nonetheless understand why the Sunnis are worried that the Iraq is about to become a theocratic state.

What do Iraq's Shiites want? Whenever I find myself pondering that question, I log onto the state-of-the-art Web site maintained in five languages by Grand Ayatollah Uzmah Sistani. There I click through to the Q and A section, "Fiqh & Beliefs," which would more appropriately be called "Ask Ayatollah Sistani." (Fiqh, according to the site glossary, means "a science of religious jurisprudence.") It's a little like Slate's Dear Prudence column. You can ask your own questions, or, if you just want to lurk, you can find answers to the questions of others.  For instance, I was unaware, until I logged on today, that backgammon—a game widely believed to have originated in what is now Iraq—is forbidden, while anal sex is permitted (though frowned upon). What follows are some questions from the Web site (mildly embellished, but substantively unaltered) paired with the Ayatollah's verbatim responses.

Dear Ayatollah,

Iraq could use some decent accountants, and I've been thinking of entering the field. But to be an accountant, you have to be willing to keep a record of transactions involving interest. If I promise not to give or take interest myself, and to disapprove when others do, may I become an accountant?

Signed,
Unemployed Econ Major

Dear Unemployed Econ Major,

Given the supposition made in your question, the job is not permissible because it involves keeping, recording and dealing with interest based transactions.

Dear Ayatollah,